Frequency Analysis based on Monthly Comb
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It is obvious from inspection of price lines, that many seem to contain cycles that may persist in repeating for a long time. Through the years, technicians have expended much effort to measure and exploit these cycles. It would appear simple enough to do a frequency analysis on the time series. But the cycles or periods that seem so easy to see in the price data, have proven to be surprisingly difficult to measure by classical methods. The classical methods apply to stationary cycles of exactly regular period. We can easily remove the trends from historical price data to make the series stationary. However, the fluctuations seen in financial data are almost never exactly periodic, complicating most attempts to take advantage of these cycles. One factor in the behaviour of market fluctuations is "Anticipation". When speculators detect a cycle in prices, they will buy earlier before the peak, and sell earlier before the dip. This phenomena causes an increase in frequency, and eventually a breakup of the established cycle. Traditional frequency analysis methods such as the Fourier Transform, break down badly attempting to deal with these irregularities. Wilder estimated that there was an important period of about 28 trading sessions. The half cycle of this period (14 sessions) is a default factor in many of the technical indicators. We have found this to be a reasonable figure, even in today's markets, but there is significant variation between issues. Some companies just seem to have faster or slower cycles for one reason or another, and the indicators may be more accurate when fitted to the situation. In order to determine the actual frequences in a particular case, we must conduct an new form of analysis that is better suited to deal with the oxymoronic condition of variable length cycles. |
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Frequency from Monthly Comb Filter
Representative Cycle (Trading Sessions) = 20.00
Sawtooth = 51.95
| Peak Type | Avg. Cycle | Median Cycle | Cycle Mode | Cycle Amplitude | | High | 17.29 | 30.00 | 20.00 | 7.23 % | | Low | 17.85 | 32.00 | 20.00 | 6.30 % |
| Recent High | Price | Recent Low | Price | Cycle | | | Thursday, August 19, 2010 | 41.32 | 53 | | Friday, June 18, 2010 | 39.19 | | | 33 | | | Friday, June 04, 2010 | 36.59 | 35 | | Monday, May 03, 2010 | 39.37 | | | 19 | | | Thursday, April 15, 2010 | 37.56 | 42 | | Tuesday, April 06, 2010 | 38.57 | | | 77 | | | Friday, February 12, 2010 | 35.68 | 69 | | Friday, December 11, 2009 | 39.54 | | | 38 |
Fourier Transform after Digital Filter M | Cycle Length | Fourier Amplitude | | 20 | 0.39 | | 18 | 0.37 | | 25 | 0.30 | | 41 | 0.22 | | 27 | 0.21 | | 32 | 0.21 | | 29 | 0.18 | | 44 | 0.15 | | 36 | 0.13 | | 49 | 0.13 | | 38 | 0.12 |
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Frequency Analysis based on Quarterly Comb
Frequency from Quarterly Comb Filter
Representative Cycle (Trading Sessions) = 81.00
Sawtooth = 49.37
| Peak Type | Avg. Cycle | Median Cycle | Cycle Mode | Cycle Amplitude | | High | 47.70 | 81.00 | 58.00 | 17.25 % | | Low | 49.53 | 86.00 | 62.00 | 11.23 % |
| Recent High | Price | Recent Low | Price | Cycle | | | Friday, June 04, 2010 | 36.59 | 77 | | Monday, May 03, 2010 | 39.37 | | | 96 | | | Friday, February 12, 2010 | 35.68 | 69 | | Friday, December 11, 2009 | 39.54 | | | 61 | | | Tuesday, November 03, 2009 | 34.84 | 167 | | Wednesday, September 16, 2009 | 36.81 | | | 33 | | Thursday, July 30, 2009 | 36.92 | | | 120 | | | Monday, March 09, 2009 | 28.22 | 101 |
Fourier Transform after Digital Filter Q | Cycle Length | Fourier Amplitude | | 9 | 0.50 | | 11 | 0.42 | | 20 | 0.27 | | 18 | 0.23 | | 16 | 0.22 | | 25 | 0.17 | | 27 | 0.16 | | 62 | 0.14 | | 91 | 0.14 | | 32 | 0.14 | | 141 | 0.13 |
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Frequency Analysis based on Yearly Comb
Representative Cycle (Trading Sessions) = 0.00
Sawtooth = 37.91
| Peak Type | Avg. Cycle | Median Cycle | Cycle Mode | Cycle Amplitude | | High | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 % | | Low | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 % |
| Recent High | Price | Recent Low | Price | Cycle | | Friday, December 11, 2009 | 39.54 | | | 338 | | | Monday, March 09, 2009 | 28.22 | 247 | | Monday, August 11, 2008 | 39.10 | | | 171 | | | Friday, March 14, 2008 | 34.84 | 154 | | Wednesday, December 05, 2007 | 41.71 | | | 139 | | | Friday, August 03, 2007 | 35.60 | 301 | | Friday, May 18, 2007 | 42.61 | | | 806 | | | Tuesday, May 23, 2006 | 31.40 | 512 |
Fourier Transform on Raw Closing Prices | Cycle Length | Fourier Amplitude | | 683 | 2.69 | | 585 | 2.06 | | 410 | 1.67 | | 819 | 1.29 | | 512 | 1.22 | | 228 | 1.10 | | 341 | 1.01 | | 455 | 0.90 | | 241 | 0.80 | | 293 | 0.77 | | 164 | 0.77 |
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Progress Energy, Inc.
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Average Sawtooth based on Monthly Combo
| PGN
Progress Energy, Inc.
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Average Sawtooth based on Bi-weekly Combo
A comparison of the average distance (in time) from each periodic high to to next periodic low, against the distance to the following high point, yields the Sawtooth Statistic. The mid-point, corresponding to a perfect sine wave, is 50 percent. Values less than this indicate the sell slope is steeper than the buy slope, while values over 50 percent show the opposite. This is supposed to indicate the degree of fear or greed. The chart represents the sawtooth percentage of (approximately) monthly cycles over the past year, and of the (approximately) bi-weekly cycles, averaged over the past six months.
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